![]() Then oil flow may be enhanced by injecting With the oil is generally sufficient to cause (API gravity of 10° or less), whereas 33 percent Heavy oil produced annually is extra-heavy oil Of heavy oil as a function of oil density (API Of technically recoverable resources (brown) Production (blue) and cumulative percentage Recoverable heavy oil is denser (less thanįigure 2. Is lighter than 15° API gravity, but about Percent of the heavy oil produced annually Total, they are estimated to contain 6.1 billionĪccumulations having better quality oil in accumulations areīeing produced commercially, although, in ![]() So that, in total, 61 percent of the knownĮstimated to be technically recoverable inĪre assigned to known producing accumulationsīillion barrels are assigned to the North South America has an estimated 40 billionīarrels of technically recoverable heavy oil, ![]() Each categoryĩ0 percent of the world's extra-heavy oil Heavy oil and 82 percent of the technically API gravity is computed as (141.5/sp g) -ġ31.5, where sp g is the specific gravity of the oil Of API gravity, a standard of the American Petroleum Interests refiners because it is an indicator of yieldįrom distillation. Matters to producers because the oil's viscosityĪt reservoir temperature determines how easilyĭensity is a measure of mass per unit volume and Viscosity is a measure of the fluid's resistance toįlow. Having a viscosity greater than 10,000 cP. Sands, shares the attributes of heavy oil but is yet Natural bitumen, also called tar sands or oil Although variouslyĭefined, the upper limit for heavy oil has been setĪt 22° API gravity and a viscosity of 100 cP.Įxtra-heavy oil is that portion of heavy oil having Incorporating most of the sulfur and perhaps 90 Its content of asphaltenes (very large molecules Heavy oil is an asphaltic, dense (low API gravity),Īnd viscous oil that is chemically characterized by Gravity of at least 22° and a viscosity less than Light oil, also called conventional oil, has an API Shape their role in the future oil supply. Production, transportation, and upgradingĬosts explain why development and production Hydrogen before they can be used as feedstock Gravity greater than 22°) in known conventionalįor only about 3 billion barrels of the 25Ģ000. Is about equal to reserves of light oil (API Heavy oil and natural bitumen accumulations Recoverable oil resources and reserves by Russia but is either in small deposits or in remote areas in eastern Siberia.įigure 1. **In addition, 212.4 billion barrels of natural bitumen in place is located in ![]() ![]() Or bitumen in place were assumed for sandstone and carbonate Unavailable, recovery factors of 10 percent and 5 percent of heavy oil Recoverable and in-place oil or bitumen by accumulation. *Recovery factors were based on published estimates of technically Heavy oil and natural bitumen in billions of barrels (BBO). Regional distribution of estimated technically recoverable Known accumulations is about equal to theĮarth's remaining conventional (light) oil Recoverable heavy oil (434 billion barrels)Īnd natural bitumen (651 billion barrels) in Has lost its light-molecular-weight components through degradation by bacteria, water-washing, and evaporation. Most heavy oil is found at the margins of geologic basins and is thought to be the residue of formerly light oil that They resemble the residuum from the refining of light oil. Natural bitumen (often called tar sands or oil sands) and heavy oil differ from light oils by their high viscosity (resistance to flow) at reservoir temperatures, high density (low API gravity), and significant contents of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur compounds and heavy-metal contaminants. Petroconsultants), unpublished government data, and the published literature. The data in this Fact Sheet are compiled from commercial databases (NRG Associates, I.H.S. Resources available as heavy oil (including extra-heavy oil) and natural bitumen see definitions in sidebar. Geological Survey's Energy Resources Program collect data on the abundant energy In addition to assessing conventional oil resources, scientists of the U.S. Thus, conventional oil accounts for a declining share of the Earth's remaining oil endowment. USGS Fact Sheet 70-03: Heavy Oil and Natural Bitumen-Strategic Petroleum Resourcesīecause conventional light oil can typically be produced at a high rate and a low cost, it has been used before other types of oil. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |